Seizure of assets can only be done on the basis of a treaty or EU instrument that specifically provides for this possibility:
EU requests:
- Regulation 2018/1805 on Freezing orders and confiscation orders (has direct effect)
- for Denmark and Ireland: Framework Decision 2003/577/JHA
MLA:
-the Convention on laundering, search, seizure and confiscation of the proceeds from crime, (8 November 1990, Strasbourg),
-Convention of the Counsel of Europe on laundering, search, seizure and confiscation of the proceeds from crime and the finance of terrorism (16 May 2005, Warsaw) or
-the United Nations conventions such as the UN convention on the Illicit Trafficking in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (10 December 1988, Vienna) or on the basis of an EU freezing order
- the UNTOC treaty (New York, 15 November 2000)